Django - DateTimeField 接收到一个 naive datetime。

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Django - DateTimeField 接收到一个 naive datetime。

基本上我有以下模型：

class Event(models.Model):
    start = models.DateTimeField(default=0)

当我尝试使用datetime.datetime.strptime创建对象时，会得到下面的错误：

Event.objects.create(start=datetime.datetime.strptime("02/03/2014 12:00 UTC",
                                                      "%d/%m/%Y %H:%M %Z"))
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py:903: 
RuntimeWarning: DateTimeField Event.start received a naive datetime (2014-03-02 
12:00:00) while time zone support is active.

我已经看了很多类似的帖子，但我无法弄清楚为什么即使我提供了UTC (%Z)参数，它仍然会出错。

提前致谢。

admin 更改状态以发布 2023年5月23日
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2 答案

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你需要使用Django的make_aware()函数。

from django.utils import timezone
#....
aware_date = timezone.make_aware(datetime.strptime("02/03/2014 12:00 UTC", "%d/%m/%Y %H:%M %Z"), \
                                  timezone.get_default_timezone())

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警告信息是由于你正在使用时区，并手动创建日期时间对象。我建议你在settings.py中添加以下内容来将警告转换成错误，这样你就可以更容易地发现这样的异常：

import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('error',
                        r"DateTimeField .* received a naive datetime",
                        RuntimeWarning, r'django\.db\.models\.fields')

说实话我不知道为什么，但是你的日期似乎不太正常（如果你使用timezone.is_aware()，它应该返回false）。

为了解决你当前的问题，我建议你依靠Django工具来处理时区：

from django.utils import timezone
timezone.make_aware(yourdate, timezone.get_current_timezone())

对于我的项目，我创建了一个日期的实用工具类，因为我也面临了这样的问题，你可以看看（尤其是dateFromString方法）：

class DateUtils(object):
    @classmethod
    def currentTimezoneDate(cls):
        """
        Returns an aware datetime object based on current timezone.
        :return: datetime: date
        """
        return timezone.make_aware(datetime.now(), timezone.get_current_timezone())
    @classmethod
    def currentTimezoneOffset(cls):
        """
        Returns the offset (expressed in hours) between current timezone and UTC.
        :return: int: offset
        """
        offset = cls.currentTimezoneDate().utcoffset()
        return int(offset.total_seconds() / 60 / 60)
    @classmethod
    def UTCDate(cls, year, month, day, hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0):
        """
        Creates an aware UTC datetime object.
        :return: datetime: date
        """
        d = datetime(year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond)
        return timezone.make_aware(d, timezone.utc)
    @classmethod
    def asUTCDate(cls, date):
        """
        Get the UTC version of the given date.
        :param date: datetime: Date to be converted into UTC
        :return: datetime UTC date
        """
        if type(date) is Date:
            return timezone.make_aware(datetime(date.year, date.month, date.day), timezone.utc)
        if not timezone.is_aware(date):
            return timezone.make_aware(date, timezone.utc)
        return date.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
    @classmethod
    def getJavaScriptDateFormatForCurrentLocale(cls):
        """
        Return a date mask string that will be understood and used by JavaScript.
        :return: str: Date mask string for JavaScript.
        """
        f = get_format('SHORT_DATE_FORMAT')
        return f.replace('Y', 'yyyy').replace('m', 'mm').replace('d', 'dd')
    @classmethod
    def getPythonDateFormatForCurrentLocale(cls):
        """
        Return a date mask string that will be understood and used by Python.
        :return: str: Date mask string for Python.
        """
        f = get_format('SHORT_DATE_FORMAT')
        return f.replace('Y', '%Y').replace('m', '%m').replace('d', '%d')
    @classmethod
    def dateFromString(cls, string, format=None, utc=True):
        """
        Returns a datetime object from the given string.
        :param string: str: A date string
        :param format: str: The format of the date
        :return: datetime: date
        """
        date = datetime.strptime(string, format or cls.getPythonDateFormatForCurrentLocale())
        if utc:
            return cls.asUTCDate(date)
        return date
    @classmethod
    def getFormattedStringForCurrentLocale(cls, date):
        """
        Return a date string formatted using current locale settings.
        :param date: datetime:
        :return: str: Formatted Date string.
        """
        return date.strftime(cls.getPythonDateFormatForCurrentLocale())
    @classmethod
    def randomDate(cls, start, end):
        """
        Return a random date between the 2 dates provided.
        See: http://stackoverflow.com/a/8170651/267719
        :param start: datetime: Min date.
        :param end: datetime: Max date.
        :return: datetime: Random date in range.
        """
        return start + timedelta(seconds=randint(0, int((end - start).total_seconds())))
    @classmethod
    def hourRange(cls, fromHour, toHour):
        n = fromHour
        hRange = [fromHour]
        while n != toHour:
            n += 1
            if n > 23:
                n = 0
            hRange.append(n)
        hRange.pop()
        return hRange

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