使用count()和first()函数时，iPython笔记本中的PySpark会引发Py4JJavaError错误。

我在Mac（Sierra 10.12.3 Beta）的虚拟环境中，使用PySpark（v.2.1.0）在iPython笔记本（Python v.3.6）上运行。

1. 我在终端中输入以下命令来启动iPython笔记本 -

 PYSPARK_PYTHON=python3 PYSPARK_DRIVER_PYTHON=ipython PYSPARK_DRIVER_PYTHON_OPTS="notebook" /Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/bin/pyspark

2. 加载我的文件到Spark Context中，并确保它已经被加载 -

>>>lines = sc.textFile("/Users/PanchusMac/Dropbox/Learn_py/Virtual_Env/pyspark/README.md") 
>>>for i in lines.collect(): 
    print(i)

它工作正常，并在控制台上打印结果，如下所示：

# Apache Spark
Spark is a fast and general cluster computing system for Big Data. It provides
high-level APIs in Scala, Java, Python, and R, and an optimized engine that
supports general computation graphs for data analysis. It also supports a
rich set of higher-level tools including Spark SQL for SQL and DataFrames,
MLlib for machine learning, GraphX for graph processing,
and Spark Streaming for stream processing.
<http://spark.apache.org/>
## Online Documentation
You can find the latest Spark documentation, including a programming
guide, on the [project web page](http://spark.apache.org/documentation.html).
This README file only contains basic setup instructions. 

还检查了sc -

>>>print(sc)

3. 现在，当我尝试在我的RDD上执行lines.count()或lines.first()函数时，我遇到了以下错误 -

Py4JJavaError                             Traceback (most recent call last)
 in ()
----> 1 lines.count()
/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/pyspark/rdd.py in count(self)
   1039         3
   1040         """
-> 1041         return self.mapPartitions(lambda i: [sum(1 for _ in i)]).sum()
   1042 
   1043     def stats(self):
/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/pyspark/rdd.py in sum(self)
   1030         6.0
   1031         """
-> 1032         return self.mapPartitions(lambda x: [sum(x)]).fold(0, operator.add)
   1033 
   1034     def count(self):
/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/pyspark/rdd.py in fold(self, zeroValue, op)
    904         # zeroValue provided to each partition is unique from the one provided
    905         # to the final reduce call
--> 906         vals = self.mapPartitions(func).collect()
    907         return reduce(op, vals, zeroValue)
    908 
/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/pyspark/rdd.py in collect(self)
    807         """
    808         with SCCallSiteSync(self.context) as css:
--> 809             port = self.ctx._jvm.PythonRDD.collectAndServe(self._jrdd.rdd())
    810         return list(_load_from_socket(port, self._jrdd_deserializer))
    811 
/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/lib/py4j-0.10.4-src.zip/py4j/java_gateway.py in __call__(self, *args)
   1131         answer = self.gateway_client.send_command(command)
   1132         return_value = get_return_value(
-> 1133             answer, self.gateway_client, self.target_id, self.name)
   1134 
   1135         for temp_arg in temp_args:
/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/pyspark/sql/utils.py in deco(*a, **kw)
     61     def deco(*a, **kw):
     62         try:
---> 63             return f(*a, **kw)
     64         except py4j.protocol.Py4JJavaError as e:
     65             s = e.java_exception.toString()
/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/lib/py4j-0.10.4-src.zip/py4j/protocol.py in get_return_value(answer, gateway_client, target_id, name)
    317                 raise Py4JJavaError(
    318                     "An error occurred while calling {0}{1}{2}.\n".
--> 319                     format(target_id, ".", name), value)
    320             else:
    321                 raise Py4JError(
Py4JJavaError: An error occurred while calling z:org.apache.spark.api.python.PythonRDD.collectAndServe.
: org.apache.spark.SparkException: Job aborted due to stage failure: Task 1 in stage 14.0 failed 1 times, most recent failure: Lost task 1.0 in stage 14.0 (TID 22, localhost, executor driver): org.apache.spark.SparkException: 
Error from python worker:
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/runpy.py", line 183, in _run_module_as_main
      mod_name, mod_spec, code = _get_module_details(mod_name, _Error)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/runpy.py", line 109, in _get_module_details
      __import__(pkg_name)
    File "", line 961, in _find_and_load
    File "", line 950, in _find_and_load_unlocked
    File "", line 646, in _load_unlocked
    File "", line 616, in _load_backward_compatible
    File "/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/lib/pyspark.zip/pyspark/__init__.py", line 44, in 
    File "", line 961, in _find_and_load
    File "", line 950, in _find_and_load_unlocked
    File "", line 646, in _load_unlocked
    File "", line 616, in _load_backward_compatible
    File "/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/lib/pyspark.zip/pyspark/context.py", line 36, in 
    File "", line 961, in _find_and_load
    File "", line 950, in _find_and_load_unlocked
    File "", line 646, in _load_unlocked
    File "", line 616, in _load_backward_compatible
    File "/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/lib/pyspark.zip/pyspark/java_gateway.py", line 25, in 
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/platform.py", line 886, in 
      "system node release version machine processor")
    File "/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/lib/pyspark.zip/pyspark/serializers.py", line 393, in namedtuple
  TypeError: namedtuple() missing 3 required keyword-only arguments: 'verbose', 'rename', and 'module'
PYTHONPATH was:
  /Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/lib/pyspark.zip:/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/lib/py4j-0.10.4-src.zip:/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/jars/spark-core_2.11-2.1.0.jar:/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/lib/py4j-0.10.4-src.zip:/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/:
java.io.EOFException
    at java.io.DataInputStream.readInt(DataInputStream.java:392)
    at org.apache.spark.api.python.PythonWorkerFactory.startDaemon(PythonWorkerFactory.scala:166)
    at org.apache.spark.api.python.PythonWorkerFactory.createThroughDaemon(PythonWorkerFactory.scala:89)
    at org.apache.spark.api.python.PythonWorkerFactory.create(PythonWorkerFactory.scala:65)
    at org.apache.spark.SparkEnv.createPythonWorker(SparkEnv.scala:116)
    at org.apache.spark.api.python.PythonRunner.compute(PythonRDD.scala:128)
    at org.apache.spark.api.python.PythonRDD.compute(PythonRDD.scala:63)
    at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.computeOrReadCheckpoint(RDD.scala:323)
    at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.iterator(RDD.scala:287)
    at org.apache.spark.scheduler.ResultTask.runTask(ResultTask.scala:87)
    at org.apache.spark.scheduler.Task.run(Task.scala:99)
    at org.apache.spark.executor.Executor$TaskRunner.run(Executor.scala:282)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Driver stacktrace:
    at org.apache.spark.scheduler.DAGScheduler.org$apache$spark$scheduler$DAGScheduler$$failJobAndIndependentStages(DAGScheduler.scala:1435)
    at org.apache.spark.scheduler.DAGScheduler$$anonfun$abortStage$1.apply(DAGScheduler.scala:1423)
    at org.apache.spark.scheduler.DAGScheduler$$anonfun$abortStage$1.apply(DAGScheduler.scala:1422)
    at scala.collection.mutable.ResizableArray$class.foreach(ResizableArray.scala:59)
    at scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer.foreach(ArrayBuffer.scala:48)
    at org.apache.spark.scheduler.DAGScheduler.abortStage(DAGScheduler.scala:1422)
    at org.apache.spark.scheduler.DAGScheduler$$anonfun$handleTaskSetFailed$1.apply(DAGScheduler.scala:802)
    at org.apache.spark.scheduler.DAGScheduler$$anonfun$handleTaskSetFailed$1.apply(DAGScheduler.scala:802)
    at scala.Option.foreach(Option.scala:257)
    at org.apache.spark.scheduler.DAGScheduler.handleTaskSetFailed(DAGScheduler.scala:802)
    at org.apache.spark.scheduler.DAGSchedulerEventProcessLoop.doOnReceive(DAGScheduler.scala:1650)
    at org.apache.spark.scheduler.DAGSchedulerEventProcessLoop.onReceive(DAGScheduler.scala:1605)
    at org.apache.spark.scheduler.DAGSchedulerEventProcessLoop.onReceive(DAGScheduler.scala:1594)
    at org.apache.spark.util.EventLoop$$anon$1.run(EventLoop.scala:48)
    at org.apache.spark.scheduler.DAGScheduler.runJob(DAGScheduler.scala:628)
    at org.apache.spark.SparkContext.runJob(SparkContext.scala:1918)
    at org.apache.spark.SparkContext.runJob(SparkContext.scala:1931)
    at org.apache.spark.SparkContext.runJob(SparkContext.scala:1944)
    at org.apache.spark.SparkContext.runJob(SparkContext.scala:1958)
    at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$collect$1.apply(RDD.scala:935)
    at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDDOperationScope$.withScope(RDDOperationScope.scala:151)
    at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDDOperationScope$.withScope(RDDOperationScope.scala:112)
    at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.withScope(RDD.scala:362)
    at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.collect(RDD.scala:934)
    at org.apache.spark.api.python.PythonRDD$.collectAndServe(PythonRDD.scala:453)
    at org.apache.spark.api.python.PythonRDD.collectAndServe(PythonRDD.scala)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
    at py4j.reflection.MethodInvoker.invoke(MethodInvoker.java:244)
    at py4j.reflection.ReflectionEngine.invoke(ReflectionEngine.java:357)
    at py4j.Gateway.invoke(Gateway.java:280)
    at py4j.commands.AbstractCommand.invokeMethod(AbstractCommand.java:132)
    at py4j.commands.CallCommand.execute(CallCommand.java:79)
    at py4j.GatewayConnection.run(GatewayConnection.java:214)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.apache.spark.SparkException: 
Error from python worker:
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/runpy.py", line 183, in _run_module_as_main
      mod_name, mod_spec, code = _get_module_details(mod_name, _Error)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/runpy.py", line 109, in _get_module_details
      __import__(pkg_name)
    File "", line 961, in _find_and_load
    File "", line 950, in _find_and_load_unlocked
    File "", line 646, in _load_unlocked
    File "", line 616, in _load_backward_compatible
    File "/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/lib/pyspark.zip/pyspark/__init__.py", line 44, in 
    File "", line 961, in _find_and_load
    File "", line 950, in _find_and_load_unlocked
    File "", line 646, in _load_unlocked
    File "", line 616, in _load_backward_compatible
    File "/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/lib/pyspark.zip/pyspark/context.py", line 36, in 
    File "", line 961, in _find_and_load
    File "", line 950, in _find_and_load_unlocked
    File "", line 646, in _load_unlocked
    File "", line 616, in _load_backward_compatible
    File "/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/lib/pyspark.zip/pyspark/java_gateway.py", line 25, in 
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/platform.py", line 886, in 
      "system node release version machine processor")
    File "/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/lib/pyspark.zip/pyspark/serializers.py", line 393, in namedtuple
  TypeError: namedtuple() missing 3 required keyword-only arguments: 'verbose', 'rename', and 'module'
PYTHONPATH was:
  /Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/lib/pyspark.zip:/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/lib/py4j-0.10.4-src.zip:/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/jars/spark-core_2.11-2.1.0.jar:/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/lib/py4j-0.10.4-src.zip:/Applications/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7/python/:
java.io.EOFException
    at java.io.DataInputStream.readInt(DataInputStream.java:392)
    at org.apache.spark.api.python.PythonWorkerFactory.startDaemon(PythonWorkerFactory.scala:166)
    at org.apache.spark.api.python.PythonWorkerFactory.createThroughDaemon(PythonWorkerFactory.scala:89)
    at org.apache.spark.api.python.PythonWorkerFactory.create(PythonWorkerFactory.scala:65)
    at org.apache.spark.SparkEnv.createPythonWorker(SparkEnv.scala:116)
    at org.apache.spark.api.python.PythonRunner.compute(PythonRDD.scala:128)
    at org.apache.spark.api.python.PythonRDD.compute(PythonRDD.scala:63)
    at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.computeOrReadCheckpoint(RDD.scala:323)
    at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.iterator(RDD.scala:287)
    at org.apache.spark.scheduler.ResultTask.runTask(ResultTask.scala:87)
    at org.apache.spark.scheduler.Task.run(Task.scala:99)
    at org.apache.spark.executor.Executor$TaskRunner.run(Executor.scala:282)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
    ... 1 more

有人能解释一下出了什么问题吗？

注意：当我在我的Mac终端上执行相同的操作时，它们的运行结果都是预期的。