OperationalError, no such column. Django

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11 浏览2023年5月30日

匿名的 2023年5月31日

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我正在学习Django REST框架的教程，网址是http://www.django-rest-framework.org/。

我已经快完成了教程，只差添加身份验证。现在我遇到了以下问题：

OperationalError at /snippets/
no such column: snippets_snippet.owner_id
Request Method: GET
Request URL:    http://localhost:8000/snippets/
Django Version: 1.7
Exception Type: OperationalError
Exception Value:    
no such column: snippets_snippet.owner_id
Exception Location: /Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py in execute, line 485
Python Executable:  /Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/bin/python
Python Version: 2.7.5
Python Path:    
['/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/tutorial',
 '/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python27.zip',
 '/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7',
 '/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin',
 '/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/plat-mac',
 '/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages',
 '/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/Extras/lib/python',
 '/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/lib-tk',
 '/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/lib-old',
 '/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload',
 '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7',
 '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin',
 '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-tk',
 '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac',
 '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages',
 '/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages']
Server time:    Sat, 11 Oct 2014 07:02:34 +0000

我在网上的几个地方查找了解决方案，不仅仅是StackOverflow，似乎问题出在我的数据库上，需要删除然后重新创建，我已经做了几次这样的操作，教程甚至让我在这一点上删除数据库并重新创建。

这是我的models.py：

from django.db import models
from pygments.lexers import get_all_lexers
from pygments.styles import get_all_styles
from pygments.lexers import get_lexer_by_name
from pygments.formatters.html import HtmlFormatter
from pygments import highlight
LEXERS = [item for item in get_all_lexers() if item[1]]
LANGUAGE_CHOICES = sorted([(item[1][0], item[0]) for item in LEXERS])
STYLE_CHOICES = sorted((item, item) for item in get_all_styles())
class Snippet(models.Model):
    owner = models.ForeignKey('auth.User', related_name='snippets')
    highlighted = models.TextField()
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, default='')
    code = models.TextField()
    linenos = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    language = models.CharField(choices=LANGUAGE_CHOICES,
                                            default='python',
                                            max_length=100)
    style = models.CharField(choices=STYLE_CHOICES,
                                     default='friendly',
                                     max_length=100)
    class Meta:
        ordering = ('created',)
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
    """
    Use the 'pygments' library to create a highlighted HTML
    representation of the code snippet.
    """
    lexer = get_lexer_by_name(self.language)
    linenos = self.linenos and 'table' or False
    options = self.title and {'title': self.title} or {}
    formatter = HtmlFormatter(style=self.style, linenos=linenos,
                                      full=true, **options)
    self.highlighted = highlight(self.code, lexer, formatter)
    super(Snippet, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

我的serializers.py：

from django.forms import widgets
from rest_framework import serializers
from snippets.models import Snippet, LANGUAGE_CHOICES, STYLE_CHOICES
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class SnippetSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    owner = serializers.Field(source='owner.username')
    class Meta:
        model = Snippet
        fields = ('id', 'title', 'code', 'linenos', 'language', 'style', 'owner')
class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    snippets = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True)
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ('id', 'username', 'snippets')

我的views.py：

from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
from rest_framework import generics
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from snippets.serializers import UserSerializer
from rest_framework import permissions
class SnippetList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    """
    List all snippets, or create a new snippet.
    """
    queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
    serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
    def pre_save(self, obj):
        obj.owner = self.request.user
    permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly,)
class SnippetDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    """
    Retrieve, update or delete a nippet instance.
    """
    queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
    serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
    def pre_save(self, obj):
        obj.owner = self.request.user
    permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly,)
class UserList(generics.ListAPIView):
    queryset = User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer
class UserDetail(generics.RetrieveAPIView):
    queryset = User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer

最后是我的urls.py

from django.conf.urls import include
from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
from snippets import views
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^snippets/$', views.SnippetList.as_view()),
    url(r'^snippets/(?P[0-9]+)/$', views.SnippetDetail.as_view()),
    url(r'^users/$', views.UserList.as_view()),
    url(r'^users/(?P[0-9]+)/$', views.UserDetail.as_view()),
)
urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)
urlpatterns += patterns('',
    url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls',
                                       namespace='rest_framework')),
)

数据库模式：

CREATE TABLE "snippets_snippet" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, 
"created" datetime NOT NULL, "title" varchar(100) NOT NULL, "code" text NOT NULL, 
"linenos" bool NOT NULL, "language" varchar(100) NOT NULL, "style" varchar(100) NOT NULL);

经过一番挖掘，我发现当删除和重新创建数据库（正如教程所说）时，不是使用make migrations命令，它不仅不会添加列，而且在运行make migrations命令时也不会告诉我出了什么问题，它告诉我：

You are trying to add a non-nullable field 'highlighted' to snippet without a default;
we can't do that (the database needs something to populate existing rows).
Please select a fix:
 1) Provide a one-off default now (will be set on all existing rows)
 2) Quit, and let me add a default in models.py

如果我在models.py中注释掉highlighted部分，它将以相同的消息发布，但是对于owner行。所以它想要highlighted和owner两个字段的默认值，但是我不确定该使用什么作为默认值。而且教程也没有帮助我解决这个问题。

0

OperationalError, no such column. Django

0 答案