sudo pip install setuptools --upgrade error
sudo pip install setuptools --upgrade error
我正在执行pip install setuptools --upgrade，但是出现了以下错误：\n
正在安装收集的包: setuptools
找到现有的安装: setuptools 1.1.6
正在卸载 setuptools-1.1.6:
异常:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 209, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 317, in run
prefix=options.prefix_path,
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_set.py", line 726, in install
requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_install.py", line 746, in uninstall
paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_uninstall.py", line 115, in remove
renames(path, new_path)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 267, in renames
shutil.move(old, new)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 299, in move
copytree(src, real_dst, symlinks=True)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 208, in copytree
raise Error, errors
Error: [('/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/__init__.py', '/tmp/pip-rV15My-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/__init__.py', "[Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-rV15My-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/__init__.py'"), ('/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/__init__.pyc', '/tmp/pip-rV15My-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/__init__.pyc', "[Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-rV15My-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/__init__.pyc'"), ('/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/markers.py', '/tmp/pip-rV15My-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/markers.py', "[Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-rV15My-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/markers.py'"), ('/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/markers.pyc', '/tmp/pip-rV15My-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/markers.pyc', "[Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-rV15My-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/markers.pyc'"), ('/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib', '/tmp/pip-rV15My-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib', "[Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-rV15My-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib'")]
\n我漏掉了什么？我尝试了sudo pip install，但没有帮助。
问题出现的原因是在升级Python虚拟环境中的setuptools时，出现了OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory的错误。解决方法是在继续之前，先取消激活并重新激活Python虚拟环境。
长篇版本：
我正在升级一个长期运行的项目的Python版本和库。我在开发和测试中使用Python虚拟环境。主机系统是MacOS 10.11.5（El Capitan）。我发现在创建虚拟环境后，需要更新pip（显然是由于2018-04的最新pypa TLS更改），因此我的初始设置如下（使用可下载的MacOS安装程序安装了最新版本的Python 2.7系列）：
virtualenv myenv -p python2.7
source myenv/bin/activate
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py
python get-pip.py
到这里都还好:) 我的问题出现在我尝试运行以下命令时：
pip install --upgrade setuptools
安装似乎正常工作，但然后我收到一个错误消息，如下所示：
Collecting setuptools
Using cached setuptools-39.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: setuptools
Found existing installation: setuptools 0.6rc11
Uninstalling setuptools-0.6rc11:
Successfully uninstalled setuptools-0.6rc11
Successfully installed setuptools-39.0.1
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/graham/workspace/github/gklyne/annalist/anenv/bin/pip", line 11, in <module>
sys.exit(main())
File "/Users/graham/workspace/github/gklyne/annalist/anenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 248, in main
return command.main(cmd_args)
File "/Users/graham/workspace/github/gklyne/annalist/anenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 252, in main
pip_version_check(session)
File "/Users/graham/workspace/github/gklyne/annalist/anenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/utils/outdated.py", line 102, in pip_version_check
installed_version = get_installed_version("pip")
File "/Users/graham/workspace/github/gklyne/annalist/anenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 838, in get_installed_version
working_set = pkg_resources.WorkingSet()
File "/Users/graham/workspace/github/gklyne/annalist/anenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 644, in __init__
self.add_entry(entry)
File "/Users/graham/workspace/github/gklyne/annalist/anenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 700, in add_entry
for dist in find_distributions(entry, True):
File "/Users/graham/workspace/github/gklyne/annalist/anenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 1949, in find_eggs_in_zip
if metadata.has_metadata('PKG-INFO'):
File "/Users/graham/workspace/github/gklyne/annalist/anenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 1463, in has_metadata
return self.egg_info and self._has(self._fn(self.egg_info, name))
File "/Users/graham/workspace/github/gklyne/annalist/anenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 1823, in _has
return zip_path in self.zipinfo or zip_path in self._index()
File "/Users/graham/workspace/github/gklyne/annalist/anenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 1703, in zipinfo
return self._zip_manifests.load(self.loader.archive)
File "/Users/graham/workspace/github/gklyne/annalist/anenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 1643, in load
mtime = os.stat(path).st_mtime
OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/Users/graham/workspace/github/gklyne/annalist/anenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg'
请注意，安装似乎已成功完成，然后是OSError异常，它似乎是尝试访问旧的setuptools。尽管出现错误消息，但pip似乎完全可以用于安装新的包，但是我的本地setup.py无法找到其依赖项，例如：
$ python setup.py install
running install
(lots of build messages)
Installed /Users/graham/workspace/github/gklyne/annalist/anenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/oauth2client-1.2-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for oauth2client==1.2
Searching for httplib2>=0.8
Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/httplib2/
Couldn't find index page for 'httplib2' (maybe misspelled?)
Scanning index of all packages (this may take a while)
Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/
No local packages or working download links found for httplib2>=0.8
error: Could not find suitable distribution for Requirement.parse('httplib2>=0.8')
但是，如果我使用pip安装相同的依赖项（'httplib2>=0.8'），它可以正常工作，并且我可以重新运行setup.py而没有任何问题。
此时，我猜测运行setup.py和pip之间的区别在于虚拟环境以某种方式保留了一些旧的setuptools文件，但pip自带了自己的副本。因此，在升级setuptools并出现OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory错误后，我取消激活并重新激活虚拟环境，如下所示：
deactivate
source myenv/bin/activate
然后，setup.py似乎可以正常工作！
