IQueryable, ICollection, IList和IDictionary接口之间的区别
在使用LINQ查询时,IEnumerable和IQueryable之间存在一些差异。IEnumerable会先执行第一个查询,然后执行为该查询编写的子查询。例如,如果要从特定国家获取前10个人口记录,则可以使用LINQ查询:
IEnumerable<LongInt> _Population=from s in India select s.population;//First Query _Population=_Population.take(10);//Second Query
执行此查询时,首先会执行第一个查询,IEnumerable会从SQL服务器获取所有人口数据,然后将数据存储在内存中,并在下一个查询中执行前10个人口的筛选(在SQL服务器上执行两次)。
而如果使用IQueryable执行相同的查询:
IQueryable<LongInt> _Population=from s in India select s.population;//First Query _Population=_Population.take(10);//Second Query
在IQueryable中,它会同时执行这两个查询,即一次性获取前10个人口的数据,而不是先获取所有数据再进行筛选(在SQL服务器上只执行一次)。
根据上述差异,可以得出以下结论:
1. 如果查询针对数据库中的数据,请使用IQueryable。
2. 如果查询针对内存中的数据,请使用IEnumerable。
IEnumerable具有GetEnumerator()、Current()和MoveNext()等方法。
有意思的是,扩展方法Take是定义在IEnumerable
总结一下,IEnumerable和IQueryable之间的差异在于查询的执行方式和过滤数据的位置。根据具体情况选择使用哪种接口可以提高查询效率和性能。
在gunny229的回答中,我注意到了一些问题。我在他的帖子评论区指出了这些问题。后来,我想写一篇更详细的文章来连接一些遗漏的细节。
免责声明:我并不打算完全满足OP的问题,而是想指出在使用LINQ to SQL时IQueryable和IEnumerable之间的区别。
我在数据库中创建了以下结构(DDL脚本):
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Employee]([PersonId] [int] NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,[Salary] [int] NOT NULL)
这是记录插入脚本(DML脚本):
INSERT INTO [EfTest].[dbo].[Employee] ([PersonId],[Salary])VALUES(1, 20) INSERT INTO [EfTest].[dbo].[Employee] ([PersonId],[Salary])VALUES(2, 30) INSERT INTO [EfTest].[dbo].[Employee] ([PersonId],[Salary])VALUES(3, 40) INSERT INTO [EfTest].[dbo].[Employee] ([PersonId],[Salary])VALUES(4, 50) INSERT INTO [EfTest].[dbo].[Employee] ([PersonId],[Salary])VALUES(5, 60) GO
现在我的目标是从数据库的Employee表中获取前2条记录。我在Visual Studio(VS)中创建了一个新的C#控制台应用程序。然后,我添加了一个指向数据库中Employee表的ADO.NET Entity Data Model XML(EDMX)项。现在我可以开始编写LINQ查询。
情况一:使用IQueryable的代码
using (var efContext = new EfTestEntities()) { IQueryable<int> employees = from e in efContext.Employees select e.Salary; employees = employees.Take(2); foreach (var item in employees) { Console.WriteLine(item); } }
在运行此程序之前,我已经在SQL Server实例上启动了一个SQL查询分析器会话。以下是执行的摘要:
- 触发的查询总数:1
- 查询文本:
SELECT TOP (2) [c].[Salary] AS [Salary] FROM [dbo].[Employee] AS [c]
我们可以看到,IQueryable足够聪明,能够在数据库服务器端自己应用Top (2)
子句。因此,它只将5条记录中的2条通过网络传输过来。客户端不需要进行更多的内存过滤。
情况二:使用IEnumerable的代码
using (var efContext = new EfTestEntities()) { IEnumerable<int> employees = from e in efContext.Employees select e.Salary; employees = employees.Take(2); foreach (var item in employees) { Console.WriteLine(item); } }
在这种情况下的执行摘要:
- 触发的查询总数:1
- 在SQL分析器中捕获的查询文本:
SELECT [Extent1].[Salary] AS [Salary] FROM [dbo].[Employee] AS [Extent1]
现在需要注意的是,IEnumerable将表中的所有5条记录都带了过来,然后在客户端上执行了一个内存过滤以获取前2条记录。因此,多余的数据(在这种情况下是额外的3条记录)被传输到网络上,浪费了带宽。
谢谢,但我不认为 的回答有任何误导。是的,他使用了“查询”这个词,但这并不是在数据库的上下文中。这只是为了获取前两个进行的另一种计算。至少在我阅读时是这样理解的。干杯。
IQueryable, ICollection, IList, and IDictionary are interfaces in C# that serve different purposes and have different functionalities. Understanding the differences between them is important for developers working with collections of data.
1. IQueryable:
IQueryable is an enumerable interface that supports LINQ (Language-Integrated Query). It allows developers to query data from different data sources, such as databases, collections, or any other data provider. IQueryable provides deferred execution of SQL statements in LINQ to SQL and LINQ to Entities. It allows for efficient querying and filtering of data.
2. ICollection:
ICollection is a basic enumerable interface that supports a Count property. It is used for collections of objects and provides basic functionalities such as adding, removing, and checking if an item exists in the collection. However, it does not provide direct access to items by their index.
3. IList:
IList is an extension of ICollection and provides additional functionalities. It supports adding and removing items, retrieving items by index, and other list-related operations. It is commonly used for lists of objects and allows for more flexibility in manipulating the collection.
4. IDictionary:
IDictionary is a mapping interface that maps unique keys to values. It allows for key-value pairs to be stored and retrieved based on the key. It provides functionalities to add, remove, and retrieve items based on their keys. It is commonly used for dictionary-like data structures.
To summarize:
- IQueryable is used for querying and filtering data efficiently.
- ICollection provides basic functionalities for collections, such as counting and checking item existence.
- IList is an extension of ICollection, providing additional functionalities for lists, such as adding, removing, and retrieving items by index.
- IDictionary is used for mapping unique keys to values, allowing for operations based on keys.
Developers should refer to the MSDN documentation for each interface to gain a better understanding of their specific functionalities and how to use them in their code.