为什么.NET事件的发送器参数是object类型而不是T类型?
.NET事件的sender参数为什么是object类型,而不是T类型?
.NET事件的sender参数为object类型,而不是T类型,是因为强类型的sender与继承层次结构不太兼容。
例如,定义了一个基类Base和一个派生类Derived。在基类中定义了一个事件MyEvent,事件的sender参数为Base类型和MyEventArgs类型。现在想要在派生类Derived中订阅MyEvent事件。由于MyEvent事件的sender参数类型为Base,因此在派生类中无法将派生类的实例作为sender传递。可以使用new关键字进行解决,但这样会显得很笨重。
因此,为了解决这个问题,.NET事件的sender参数被定义为object类型,这意味着可以接受任何类型的对象作为sender。这样就可以在派生类中订阅事件,并将派生类的实例作为sender传递。
以下是使用object类型作为sender参数的解决方法的示例代码:
public class Base { public event EventHandler<MyEventArgs> MyEvent; protected virtual void OnMyEvent(MyEventArgs args) { MyEvent?.Invoke(this, args); } } public class Derived : Base { public void DoSomething() { // 触发事件并传递派生类的实例作为sender OnMyEvent(new MyEventArgs()); } }
因为在泛型被添加到语言之前,事件处理方法的通用签名已经被发明出来了。在泛型出现之前,使用System.Object是合乎逻辑的选择,因为它真的是最“通用”的对象。所有其他对象最终都是从System.Object派生而来的,包括控件、BCL类和用户定义的类,因为它是类型层次结构的根。
However, with the introduction of generics in .NET, it became possible to define event handlers that are strongly typed to the sender object. This allows for more type safety and better code readability. Instead of having to cast the sender object to the desired type, the event handler can now directly access the properties and methods of the sender object without any type conversion.
但是,随着.NET中泛型的引入,现在可以定义与发送者对象强类型化的事件处理程序。这样可以提供更多的类型安全性和更好的代码可读性。现在,事件处理程序可以直接访问发送者对象的属性和方法,而无需进行任何类型转换,而不必将发送者对象转换为所需的类型。
To update existing event handlers to use generics, the event declaration needs to be modified to include the type parameter. For example, instead of:
要更新现有的事件处理程序以使用泛型,需要修改事件声明以包括类型参数。例如,不使用:
public event EventHandler MyEvent;
You would use:
你可以使用:
public event EventHandler<MyEventArgs> MyEvent;
Where MyEventArgs is a custom class that inherits from EventArgs and includes any additional event data that needs to be passed to the event handler.
其中MyEventArgs是从EventArgs继承并包含需要传递给事件处理程序的任何其他事件数据的自定义类。
By using generics in event handlers, it becomes clearer and easier to understand what type of object is expected as the sender parameter. It also eliminates the need for explicit type casting, resulting in more concise and readable code.
通过在事件处理程序中使用泛型,可以更清楚、更容易地理解sender参数所期望的对象类型。它还消除了显式类型转换的需求,从而产生更简洁、可读性更强的代码。
In conclusion, the reason why .NET events have a sender parameter of type object and not of type T is because it was designed before the introduction of generics. However, with the use of generics, event handlers can be strongly typed to the sender object, improving type safety and code readability. To update existing event handlers to use generics, the event declaration needs to be modified to include the type parameter. This allows for direct access to the properties and methods of the sender object without any type conversion. Overall, using generics in event handlers enhances the clarity and conciseness of the code.