如何快速启动内存数据库来测试JPA实体?
如何快速启动内存数据库来测试JPA实体?
因为我在 JPA 方面没有太多的经验,我想编写一个自动化的测试来确保我的 JPA 实体正在检索我希望它们检索的记录。我的计划是为我的测试启动一个内存中的 H2 数据库,并对其执行一些简单的 CRUD 操作,以确保数据按照我期望的那样返回。
我无法弄清楚如何让 Spring Boot 创建一个内存中的数据库。这是我目前所拥有的,但不起作用。
这是创建我的 JPA 存储库的配置。这是正确的应用程序代码,并且目前在我的实际 Oracle 数据库中正在工作。
@Configuration @EnableJpaRepositories("com.name.project.webservice.dao") @EntityScan("com.name.project.webservice.types") public class JpaRepositoriesConfig { // Intentionally empty. }
然后,我将此配置导入到我的测试中。
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = {JpaRepositoriesConfig.class}) public class JpaEntityTest { @Test public void test(){} }
接下来,我编写了一个特定于测试的属性文件 src/test/resources/application.properties
,以替换我的应用程序的 Oracle 配置为我的测试 H2 配置。
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=org.h2.Driver spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:db;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1
最后,我将 H2 jar 添加到我的 pom。这个 jar 存在,以及我的测试上的注释,应该指示 Spring Boot 根据我的属性文件启动一个 H2 数据库。
com.h2database h2 test
所以现在应该一切都设置好了(或者我以为是这样)。但是当我运行我的测试时,应用程序上下文无法启动,会给我这个堆栈跟踪:
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:125) at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:108) at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:190) at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:132) at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:246) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:678) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192) Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'facilityRepository': Cannot create inner bean '(inner bean)#11eadcba' of type [org.springframework.orm.jpa.SharedEntityManagerCreator] while setting bean property 'entityManager'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name '(inner bean)#11eadcba': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'entityManagerFactory' while setting constructor argument; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'entityManagerFactory' available at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveInnerBean(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:361) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:131) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1681) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1433) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:592) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:515) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:320) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:318) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:826) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:877) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:549) at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:742) at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:389) at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:311) at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:119) at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99) at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:117) ... 25 more Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name '(inner bean)#11eadcba': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'entityManagerFactory' while setting constructor argument; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'entityManagerFactory' available at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:314) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:110) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.resolveConstructorArguments(ConstructorResolver.java:662) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:479) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1321) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1160) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:555) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:515) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveInnerBean(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:346) ... 43 more Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'entityManagerFactory' available at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinition(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:771) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1221) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:294) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:273) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:303) ... 51 more
这个错误让我感到惊讶。我认为 Spring Boot 应该自动地给我一个 entityManagerFactory,我的应用程序从未实例化过 entityManagerFactory bean,但它却正常工作。
所以如果您能告诉我,我至少在正确配置吗?哪个步骤是我错过的导致这个错误?我需要手动声明 entityManagerFactory 吗?
感谢您的帮助。
编辑:这是我的应用程序属性文件中相关的部分,而不是我上面记录的测试属性文件。
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver spring.datasource.url= <> spring.datasource.tomcat.max-active=5 spring.datasource.tomcat.initial-size=1 spring.datasource.tomcat.max-wait=20000 spring.datasource.tomcat.max-idle=1
我看到你正在维护一个用于测试的单独的属性文件,这意味着你正在使用测试属性创建数据源和实体管理器,并加载Spring Boot原始应用上下文。因此,你不需要任何额外的测试配置。
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class JpaEntityTest { @Test public void test(){} }
你也可以使用配置文件来实现这一点,将application.properties
重命名为application-test.properties
,并使用@Profile
和@ActiveProfile
标记。
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest @ActiveProfile("test") @Profile("test") public class JpaEntityTest { @Test public void test(){} }